AI tools may be convenient, efficient, and readily available, but they are already changing how we think and interact. Several studies have shown that overreliance on AI may contribute to a decline in cognitive skills such as problem-solving, memory, and analytical thinking. (See also: The impact of AI on cognitive function: are our brains at stake?)

For example, one study found that people who regularly used a GPS performed worse on spatial memory tasks compared to those who preferred to navigate on their own.^[1]

But there’s a flip side. Some researchers argue that AI’s ability to replace many menial tasks allows us to strengthen other aspects of our cognition. In addition, there are many aspects of AI that can be used to exercise our brains.

It’s all about using AI as a training partner – not a mental shortcut.

AI as a tool for enhancing cognitive function

AI chatbots are a type of virtual assistants that can replace many aspects of human cognitive function. But recent research suggests they can also be used to help improve core brain skills.

A 2025 systematic review investigating chatbot interactions revealed some positive effects on executive skills, including working memory, cognitive flexibility, and reasoning. These effects were observed in general learners as well as those with ADHD and older adults.

One of the studies in the review examined how conversational AI chatbots were used to help participants actively practice planning, working memory, and self-regulation (managing their own behaviour and reactions). The chatbots provided real-time feedback and advice if the user’s response was incomplete or needed improvement.^[2]

Similarly, a 2023 study using ASR technology for live subtitling found that just 25 hours of training improved working memory and task-switching, suggesting AI tools can stimulate complex cognitive processes. The IRSP training resulted in measurable improvement in complex working memory tasks and other cognitive skills, highlighting the possible benefits of AI tools when used with specific intentions.^[3]

Intelligent Voice Assistants (IVAs) such as smart speakers have also been found to enhance cognitive function in older adults. One study found that IVAs helped to facilitate social interactions with friends and family as well as providing reminders to exercise regularly. These small benefits contributed to significant improvements in health and social skills, particularly for older people living alone, or who were new to technology.^[4]

How to keep your brain sharp when using AI

Like your muscles, your brain needs a regular workout. The danger we face is consistently relying on AI to do our cognitive work for us: i.e., if we don’t use it, we’ll lose it.

Practice active recall

Instead of asking AI for answers, use it as a teacher. Creating prompts that quiz you, challenge your memory, or simulate testing environments can help to reinforce long-term memory.

• Example prompt: “Quiz me on this article about neuroplasticity with 10 questions that increase in difficulty.”

Create critical thinking dialogues

Use AI to stimulate reasoning, debating skills, and abstract thinking – without shortcuts.

• Example prompt: “Here’s my argument for why X is true. Challenge my points and note any blind spots or opportunities for counterarguments.”

Actively review your own content

Instead of asking AI to write your email, blog, or social post, write it yourself first. Then ask AI to critique it, noting where to clarify or improve, and why.

AI-driven apps to challenge and stimulate your brain

Apps such as Lumosity and BrainHQ use AI-driven algorithms to strengthen memory, attention, and reasoning. Lumosity’s daily brain training games are developed in collaboration with research scientists, and adjust difficulty to personalise the training experience.

Other apps such as BrainHQ, CogniFit and Mindmate are built on clinically validated exercises targeting specific cognitive areas, such as spatial reasoning and memory.

While results vary, studies suggest that regular use of these apps may benefit some users, especially older adults or those recovering from injury.

Other AI tools such as Alexa and Google Assistant can be used as interactive rather than substitutes. While not dedicated brain-training platforms, they can support cognitive stimulation in a casual, accessible way. Alexa is able to offer a range of voice-interactive cognitive exercises such as trivia games, Twenty Questions, and math puzzles. For kids, “Create with Alexa” uses conversational and generative AI to encourage story creation.

Remember: staying mentally sharp in the AI era comes down to personal choice.

Experiment with different tools and aim to engage your brain actively every day. Use AI to stimulate your thinking – not to do it for you. Leveraging tools such as ChatGPT AI as a cognitive training strategy rather than a crutch is key to maintaining optimal cognitive function.

References

^[1] Dahmani L, Bohbot VD. Habitual use of GPS negatively impacts spatial memory during self-guided navigation. Sci Rep. 2020;10:6310. doi:10.1038/s41598-020-62877-0.

^[2] Pergantis P, Bamicha V, Skianis C, Drigas A. AI chatbots and cognitive control: enhancing executive functions through chatbot interactions—a systematic review. Brain Sci. 2025;15(1):47. doi:10.3390/brainsci15010047.

^[3] Wallinheimo A-S, Evans SL, Davitti E. Training in new forms of human-AI interaction improves complex working memory and switching skills of language professionals. Front Artif Intell. 2023;6:1253940. doi:10.3389/frai.2023.1253940.

^[4] Cai T, Ma S, Zhong R. Can intelligent virtual assistants improve cognitive function in older adults? A two-wave mediation study. Digit Health. 2025;11:20552076251317355. doi:10.1177/20552076251317355.