Women and ADHD: why the surge and why EFAs can help
Women and ADHD: why the surge and why EFAs can help
Once primarily associated with hyperactive boys, ADHD is increasingly diagnosed in women today. The surge in diagnoses can be attributed to evolving definitions and greater awareness. However, many women remain undiagnosed due to the subtle, often misunderstood symptoms of ADHD in women, such as inattentiveness and forgetfulness. Understanding the signs of ADHD in women is crucial for better identification and treatment.[1]
Why this sudden ‘wave’?
Perspectives on ADHD have been changing since the release of the DSM-V in 2013, which identified that ADHD presents differently in women. While boys typically show hyperactive traits, women are more likely to exhibit inattentive signs of ADHD, such as forgetfulness, disorganisation, and lack of focus. These subtle symptoms of ADHD in women were often overlooked, contributing to underdiagnosis until recent years.[2]
The COVID pandemic also sparked an increase, with the number of ADHD diagnoses in women aged 23-49 nearly doubling.[3] In fact, during 2020-21, ADHD diagnoses increased, with some researchers referring to it as an emerging focus in neurodevelopmental health. [4] This has been partly attributed to shift in routines during lockdown, in which working from home allowed for greater flexibility and work-family balance, potentially allowing women the ability time to visit a provider and receive a diagnosis.[4a]
Social media platforms such as TikTok have also played a key role in ADHD diagnoses. User-generated content about ADHD is one of the most popular health topics on TikTok, and #ADHD is in the top 10 hashtags. While social media has increased awareness, it is essential that individuals seek a professional assessment for an accurate ADHD diagnosis and appropriate treatment.
Perhaps most crucial, however, is that recent studies suggest that ADHD subtypes may present differently across genders. Boys are more frequently diagnosed with ADHD-Hyperactivity/Impulsivity (ADHD-HI), in which they display symptoms of restlessness, aggression, and hyperactivity. Girls, however, are typically ADHD-Inattentive (ADHD-I), in which they struggle with being easily distracted, disorganised, and forgetful.[5] Unfortunately, the fact that the ADHD-I subtype does not fit the ‘stereotype’ of ADHD has contributed to underdiagnosis in girls. One study found that teachers referred boys significantly more often than girls for treatment for ADHD, even when both genders showed equal levels of impairment.[6]
How to treat ADHD in women
Early intervention in girls has been shown to reduce risks such as academic underachievement, relationship difficulties, and the development of other mental health conditions.[7] However, the gender disparity in ADHD diagnosis suggests that many girls remain unidentified and untreated, which can impact their mental health.[8] Studies indicate that women diagnosed later in life are more vulnerable to issues like anxiety and low mood due to unmanaged symptoms and the accompanying challenges.[9]
When it comes to how to treat ADHD in women, a multi-faceted approach is essential. Beyond traditional medication, women can benefit from counseling, stress management techniques, and lifestyle adjustments that are specifically designed to tackle their symptoms. Some individuals may consider dietary adjustments as part of a broader wellness approach in consultation with a healthcare provider.
While early detection and treatment can significantly enhance quality of life, greater awareness of ADHD symptoms in women can support timely diagnosis and treatment. Even today, women often struggle to find a practitioner who can offer the right management for their needs.[10]
For women diagnosed as adults, the benefits are clear. Many report improved productivity, self-esteem, and functional performance. Some describe their diagnosis as a ‘eureka’ moment: an explanation for their struggles and the chance to finally accept themselves.[11] In finding that acceptance, there are many things these newly diagnosed individuals can do to be empowered to further support themselves.
Essential fatty acids and ADHD
While there is limited evidence as to whether adult women with ADHD should be treated any differently from other age groups or genders, recommendations include medication, counselling, stress management techniques, and diet and lifestyle changes.[12]
Research has increasingly focused on the connection between ADHD and Omega-3 fatty acids, as they are crucial for brain health. Some studies indicate a potential link between Omega-3 levels and ADHD symptoms, suggesting Omega-3 may be a supportive supplement for overall brain health .[13]
Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids are critical to proper brain function and development, and may also play important roles in supporting those with ADHD.[14]
Research has shown that adults with ADHD may be deficient in Omega-3 PUFAs and have a higher ratio of Omega-6/Omega-3.[15] Research indicates that Omega-3 supplementation may support a balanced Omega-6/Omega-3 ratio and may contribute to cognitive and mood health, particularly EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid) and DHA (docosahexaenoic acid).[16],[17]
A 2023 meta-analysis found that Omega-3 supplements improved ADHD symptoms by supporting the inflammatory response, gut health, stress levels, and nervous system activity.[18]
These results reflect previous research on a scientifically formulated ratio of EPA:DHA:GLA of 9:3:1. This ratio has been shown in clinical trials to help improve attention, memory, concentration, and learning ability in children and adults, including those with ADHD.[19]
This information is provided for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Always seek the guidance of your physician or qualified healthcare provider with any questions you may have regarding your health or a medical condition. Please consult with a healthcare professional for personalized advice and treatment options for ADHD and related symptoms.
[1] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9616454/
[2] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3955126/
[3] https://www.epicresearch.org/articles/number-of-adhd-patients-rising-especially-among-women
[4] https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-021-01233-2
[4a] https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/epub/10.1177/23780231211052784
[5] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4195638
[6] https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/10634266040120040501
[7] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10173330/
[8] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10173330/
[9] https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590291124001748
[10] https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/03323315.2022.2032264
[11] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10173330/
[12] https://chadd.org/for-adults/women-and-girls-treatment-for-adhd-in-women-and-girls
[13] https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4879948/
[14] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9641984
[15] https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15134138/
[16] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8474554/
[17] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6683166/